Fluid-pressure-operated tool.



No. 707,735. Patented Aug. 26, |902.

H. H. VAUGHAN.

FLUID PRESSURE UPEBATED TO0L.

(Application iled July 3, 1901.) l (No Model.) 2 Sheets-.Sheet I.

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' Patented Aug. 26, |902. GHAN. 1

FLUID PRESSURE DPERATED TOOL.

, 2 Sheets Sheet 2 H. H. VAU

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TINTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY II. VAUGHAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO RIDGELY AND JOHNSONTOOL COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

FLUID-PRESSURE- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.707,735, dated August 26, 1902.

Application filed July 3,1901.

Y To all wwm, t may concern,.-

Be it known that I, HENRY H. VAUGHAN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, county of Cook, State of Illinois, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Fluid-Pressure-Operated Tools,and I declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionofthe invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichit pertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates in general to fluidpressure-operated tools, andmore particularly to thatA type of such tools known as pneumatic hammersor riveters,7 in which a snap or die is adapted to receive the impact ofa reciprocating piston. Tools of this character are of such power thatif the throttle- Valve is opened when the snap ordie is out of contactwith the object being worked upon the snap will be violently ejectedfrom the cylinder and thrown a considerable distance, owing to theimpact of the piston, and also to the compression of air in front of thepiston, which alone is sufticient to blow out the snap even if notactually hit by the piston.

The object of my invention is to construct a uid-pressure-operated toolof the class referred to which will obviate the objections abovementioned. I accomplish this object by providing means to prevent thepiston hitting the snap when the throttle-valve is opened unless thesnap is pressed against an object and also by providing means to permitthe escape of compressed iiuid from the end of the cylinder adjacent tothe snap when the latter is out of contact with the material beingworked upon. y

A further object is to provide a tool of the class described which willbe simple in construction and eicient in operation.

The invention will be more fully described hereinafter with reference tothe accompanying drawings, in which the same is illustrated as embodiedin a convenient and practical form, and in which- Figure lis alongitudinal section of my invention, parts being shown in elevation andparts being broken away; Fig. 2, a cross-sec- Serial No. 66.949. (Nromodel.)

collar withthe cylinder; and Fig. 5, a trans-- verse section on the line5 5, Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Similar 'reference characters indicate the same parts in the severalfigures of the drawings.

Reference-letter A indicates the cylinder of the tool, which is providedwithascrew-thread at one end adapted to engage with the screwthreadformed on the inner surface of the tubular projection B of the handle B.A spring-actuated catch b' engages one of a series of notches formed inthe end of the cylinder A and prevents the cylinder and the handle fromrelative rotation.

The handle B is provided with a pivoted lever B2, which is adapted todepress the throttlc-valve B3 to admit fluid-pressure from thesupply-pipe connected to the interior ot' the sore w-threaded nut B4.The throttle-valve is normally held to its seat by a spring b3, whichalso, through the engagement between the stein of the valve and thelevel' B2, holds the latter in the position shown in Fig. 1. The handleB is provided with a passage-Way b, leading from the seat of thethrottle-valve to the end of the cylinder A.

Abushing or reducing-sleeve C is located within the cylinder A. A seriesof longitudinal recesses c are formed in the bushing C throughout thatportion of the bushing which is in engagement with the interior of thecylinder A, forming a `free passage-way for the flow of fluid-pressurebetween the bushing and the cylinder.` The part of the bushing which isnot in direct contact with the cylinder is of a diametersuiiicientlysinaller than the cylinder to leave an annular space4between the bushing and thecylinder.

The end of the cylinder opposite the 11ann ter corresponding to thediameter of lthe open-Y ingthrough the shoulderA' andthe projecting endofthe cylinder. I The snap F may be movably-retained in the end of. thecylinder n lo by any desired lyielding means-fsuch, for instance',` as aspring-ring f', which isseated within an annular recess a', formed inthe openingthrough the end of the cylinder, the u ringf' being expandedwhen a die is vpressed 1,5 through it, and thereby frictionally holdingvthe die in the cylinder. A collar D is located y-atandsurrounds the endof the cylinder A. The collar D is provided with an interior -fiangeformed `by reducing the tubular openzo ingthrough the collar, such angeengaging y the exterior' of the shoulder A' when the collar is in theposition shownin Fig. 1. Asecond annular shoulder or flange is providedin the collar D, against which one end of a spring 25 `H engages, theother end of such spring bey ing in contact with the exterior of theshoulder A'. The spring H surrounds the reduced Vend of the cylinder andis located within an annular chamber formed between such rego duced endof the cylinder and the collar D. The end of the collar D engages ashoulderf, 'formed on the snap or die F by reducing the diameter of thedie to produce the portion F', which tswithin theendof the cylinder.

. The cylinder A is provided with a reducingsleeve G, one end of whichis provided with "an annular fiange of a diameter corresponding lo theinterior diameter of the cylinder A, while the other end of thereducing-sleeve 4o G is provided with another annular ange,

- forming a seat against which rests the end f the bushing C, the latterend of the reducingsleeve G fitting within the end of the bushing,7 C.

A piston is located within the cylinder, and consists of an enlargedhead E ot' a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the openingAthrough the bushing() and a reduced hollow portion E' of adiametercorresponding to the 5o diameter of the opening through thereducing-sleeve G.

Openings g through the reducing-sleeve G aiord apassage-way for theHuid-pressure, while portsc in the end of the bushing C ad- 55 jacent tothe' shoulder A' permit the passage of the fluid-pressure to theenlarged en'd E of the piston.

Ports a are formed through the cylinder A at the end adjacent to theshoulder A', such 6o vports being controlled by the collar D, whichsurrounds the cylinder at that end.

at a2 indicate exhaust-ports through the bushing() and the cylinder A,and a3 indicates an opening also through the collar andIcylinderforpermittingtheescapeofanyiiuidwhich 4 may leak into the spacesurrounding the reduced end E' of the piston and also permitting theescape of air between the enlarged head of -the piston and theend of thereducing-sleeve G when the piston moves toward the handle. The collar Dmay be retained in position on the end of the cylinder, so as to permitit to reciprocate thereon, by any suitable meanssuch, for instance, as apin J, which is located in an opening d4, formed in the shoulder A'. Aspringjl normally forces the pin J into engagement with a slot CZ,formed in the collar D. The engagement between the pinvJ and the slot dpermits the movement of the collar upon the endr of the cylinder and atthe through the passage-Way b into the end of the cylinder, thencethrough the ports g in the` red ucing-sleeve G, thence through thegrooves c', formed between the bushing C and the cylinder, thencethrough the annular space betweenthebushingand the cylinder through theports c to the .enlarged end E of the piston. The piston beingdifferential will be forced toward the handle,as the end of theenlargement E, exposed to the pressure, is of an area greater than thereduced end E', which is also exposed to the same pressure. When thepiston is forced toward the handle, its reduced end closes the ports gand cuts oft' Lthe supply of pressure tothe large end of the piston. Afurther travel of the piston, owing to the expansion of the Huid, opensthe exhaust-ports 0.2 through the bushing C andk the cylinder, therebypermitting the pressure to exhaust from the large end of the piston,whereupon the pressure upon the small end of the piston .will cause itto reciprocate and engage the reduced end F' of the die F when the dieis held in the position shown in Fig. l, owing to its contact with theobject being worked upon. If the throttle-valve is opened when the dieis out of contact with an object, L

as shown in Fig. 3, the spring H forces the collar D outwardly, therebyopening the ports a, which permits the pressure t-o escape to theatmosphere. This movement of the collarD, through its engagement withthe shoulder j' on the die F,*carries the die outwardly, so that itsreduced end F' is withdrawn beyond the shoulder A', and consequently outof the path of the piston. The throw of the piston toward the die isthen limited by the shoulder A', and no engagement consequently takesplace between the piston and the die.

While I have shown my invention as applied to a riveter or hammer ot'the Valveless type-7 I do not, however, Wish to restrict myself to thistype, as my invention is equally applicable to other forms of suchtools.

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`While I have described more or less precisely the various details ofconstruction, I do not wish to be understood as limiting inyselfthereto, as I contemplate changes in form, the proportion of parts, andthe substitution of equivalen ts,as circumstances may suggest orrenderexpedient, without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a fiuid-pressure-operated tool,the combination with a cylinder, ofa reciprocating piston therein, a die movably fitted in the end of saidcylinder, yielding means for retaining said die within the end of thecylinder, and means for automatically removing the die from the path ofthe piston to prevent the ejectment of the die from the cylinder by ablow from the piston, substantially as described.

2. In a fluid-pressare-operated tool,the coinbination with a cylinder,of a reciprocating piston therein, a die movably fitted in the end ofsaid cylinder, yielding means for retaining said die within the end ofthe cylinder, a shoulder extending into the cylinder to limit the throwof the piston, and means for withdrawing the die from the path of thepiston, to prevent the cjectment ot the die from the cylinder by a blowfrom the piston, substantially as described.

3. In a fluid-pressure-operated tool,the combination with a cylinder, ota reciprocating piston therein, a die inovably fitted in said cylinder,yielding means for retaining said die within the end of the cylinder, ashoulder extending into the cylinder to limit the throw of the piston,and a spring-actuated collar engaging said die and withdrawing the samefrom the path of the piston to prevent the ejectment of the die from thecylinder by a blow from the piston, substantially as described.

4. In aiiuid-pressu re-operated tool,the combination with a cylinderhaving ports therethrough, of a reciprocating piston in said cylinder, adie movably fitted in said cylinder, and a spring-actuated collarclosing said ports through the cylinder when the die is forced againstan object, and uncovering said ports when the die is not in contact withan object, substantially as described.

In a uid-pressureoperated tool,the combination with a cylinder havingports therethrough, of a reciprocating piston in said cylinder, a diemovably fitted in said cylinder, a spring-actuated collar surroundingthe end of said cylinder and engaging said die, said collar being movedso as to cover said ports when the die is forced against an object andbeing moved-by spring-pressure to uncover said ports when the die is notin contact with an object, substantially as described.

6. In a iiuid-pressure-operated tool,the combination with a cylinderhaving ports there through, of a reciprocating piston in said cylinder,a die movably fitted in said cylinder, a collar surrounding the end ofsaid cylinder and engaging said die, a spring interposed between saidcylinder and collar whereby the die when forced against an objectcompresses said spring and moves said collar over the ports and when thedie is disengaged from an object said spring expands and thereby movessaid collar to uncover the ports, substantially as described.

7. In afluid-pressure-operated tool,the combination with a cylinderhaving ports therethrough, a reciprocating piston in said cylinder, ashoulder extending into said cylinder to limit the throw of the piston,a die movably fitted in said cylinder, a collar control-` bination witha cylinder having ports therethrough, of a reciprocating piston therein,a die movably fitted in said cylinder, and a spring actuated collarclosing said ports through the cylinder when the die is pressed againstan object, and uncovering said ports and withdrawing said die from thepath of the piston when the die is not in contact with an object,substantially as described.

lO. In a fluid-pressure-operated tool,` the combination with a cylinderhaving ports therethrough, of a reciprocating piston in said cylinder, adie movably fitted in said cylinder, a collar surrounding the end ofsaid cylinder and engaging said die, a spring interposed between saidcylinder and collar wherebythe die when forced against an objectcompresses said spring and moves said collar over the ports and when thedie is disengaged from an 'object said spring expands and thereby IOOIIC

moves said collar to uncover the ports and coincidentally withdraws thedie from the path ot' the piston, substantially as described.

ll. In a fluid-pressure-operated tool, the

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combination with a cylinder, of a reciprocating piston therein, a diemovablyfitted in the end ot said cylinder and yieldingly retainedtherein, and means for automatically moving the die out of the range ofimpact of the piston to prevent its ejectment from the cylinder by thepiston.

In testimony whereof I sign this specification in the presence of twoWitnesses.

HENRY II. VAUGI-IAN. l

Vitnesses:

GEO. L. WILKINSON, CLARA C. CUNNING HAM.

